Which statement best describes the function of the hippocampus?

The hippocampus plays a critical role in the formation of new memories. Situated in the brain’s medial temporal lobe, it is particularly essential for the process of consolidating information from short-term memory to long-term memory. This includes the ability to learn and remember new facts and experiences, known as declarative memory. Damage to the hippocampus can lead to significant memory impairments, particularly in forming new memories, which is a hallmark of conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.

While visual information processing is primarily handled by other areas of the brain such as the occipital lobe, the hippocampus does not specialize in this function. Emotional responses are largely associated with the amygdala rather than the hippocampus, which complements memory processing but does not directly regulate emotions. Additionally, hormone regulation involves a different set of brain structures, such as the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, rather than the hippocampus itself. Hence, the statement that most accurately captures the function of the hippocampus is that it is crucial for forming new memories.