Which stages are included in Erikson's psychosocial development?

Erikson's psychosocial development theory consists of eight stages that span from infancy to adulthood. The chosen answer highlights two of those stages: Trust vs. Mistrust, which occurs in the first year of life, and Initiative vs. Guilt, which typically happens during the early childhood years (approximately ages 3 to 6).

In the Trust vs. Mistrust stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers and the environment when their needs are adequately and consistently met. This foundational trust is crucial for healthy emotional and social development.

In the Initiative vs. Guilt stage, children begin to assert themselves more frequently. They initiate activities, play, and interact with others. Successful resolution of this stage leads to a sense of initiative, while failure can result in feelings of guilt and inhibition.

The other options presented do not align with Erikson’s theory. Choices related to associative learning, observational learning, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning pertain to behavioral theories and not psychosocial development. Hence, the correct answer accurately reflects the stages defined in Erikson's framework.