Which psychologist is associated with the concept of studying observable behaviors?

The psychologist associated with the concept of studying observable behaviors is indeed John B. Watson. Watson is a prominent figure in the field of behaviorism, which emphasizes the study of behavior that can be observed and measured, rather than internal mental states or processes. His approach marked a significant shift in psychology, moving away from introspective methods and focusing on the observable actions of individuals.

Watson believed that behavior could be studied in a systematic and objective manner, likening psychological research to the methods used in the natural sciences. He famously stated that psychology should be the science of behavior, and he conducted various experiments, including the well-known "Little Albert" study, to demonstrate how behaviors could be conditioned and modified through environmental stimuli.

In contrast, Titchener is known for his work in structuralism, which involved breaking down mental processes into their simplest components. James is associated with functionalism, focusing on the purpose of mental processes and behavior, while Freud is recognized for his psychoanalytic theory, which explores the unconscious mind and internal conflicts. Each of these psychologists approached the study of psychology differently, but Watson's focus on observable behavior distinguishes his contributions significantly from the others.