What is the central characteristic of amphetamines?

Amphetamines are classified as stimulants, which is their central characteristic. Stimulants are substances that enhance activity in the central nervous system, leading to increased alertness, attention, and energy. They typically elevate mood, increase heart rate, and can enhance physical and mental performance, albeit often at the cost of potential negative side effects, such as anxiety, insomnia, and dependency.

In contrast, depressants slow down brain function and decrease alertness, leading to sedation and relaxation, which is not applicable to amphetamines. Hallucinogens alter perception and can induce visual or auditory hallucinations, but do not share the stimulating effects characteristic of amphetamines. Analgesics are pain relievers that may not necessarily alter mood or energy levels in the way stimulants do. Thus, the classification of amphetamines as stimulants distinguishes them from these other categories of substances based on their effects on the mind and body.