What does the term "self-actualization" refer to in psychology?

Self-actualization in psychology refers to the realization of one's potential and talents, often described as the desire to become the most that one can be. This concept was popularized by psychologist Abraham Maslow, who identified self-actualization as the highest level in his hierarchy of needs. According to Maslow, individuals who achieve self-actualization are those who have fulfilled their unique capabilities and have a deep understanding of their own identity, values, and purpose in life.

This state involves personal growth, self-discovery, and the pursuit of creativity, meaning, and authenticity. Self-actualized individuals often experience peak experiences, which are moments of intense joy, creativity, or fulfillment. This understanding of self-actualization emphasizes not merely the achievement of basic needs such as safety or belonging, but rather the realization of one's full potential as a unique individual.