Which psychological method emphasizes the importance of the organism's overall adaptation to its environment?

The correct answer emphasizes the significance of how an organism's behaviors and traits have developed to adapt to their environment over time. The evolutionary approach is rooted in the principles of natural selection, which suggests that characteristics that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment are more likely to be passed down to future generations. This perspective views psychological traits as adaptations that have evolved in response to environmental challenges, thus highlighting the interconnectedness of behavior, adaptation, and the surrounding environment.

In contrast, the cognitive approach focuses on internal mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving, rather than on how these processes contribute to adaptation in a broader environmental context. The behavioral approach emphasizes observable behaviors and the influence of external stimuli, often neglecting the biological and evolutionary factors that shape those behaviors. The humanistic approach centers on individual experiences, personal growth, and the fulfillment of potential, which, while important, may not directly address the adaptations necessary for survival in a given environment. Overall, the evolutionary perspective provides a comprehensive view of psychological processes as they relate to adaptation and survival.